Transferability of outdoor management development (omd) programmes in Dissertation

Transferability of outdoor management development (omd) programmes in organisations - Dissertation Example eview 15 Introduction 15 Definition of Outdoor Management Development 17 The Framework 18 Outdoor Activities 23 Skills Areas 24 Structure of OMD Programmes 26 Critical Evaluation of OMD Philosophy 27 Usefulness of Outdoor Management Development Activities 29 Gap in Research 34 Summary 35 Research Methodology 37 Introduction 37 Research Philosophies 38 Research Approaches 40 Data Collection Methods 41 Data Analysis Strategy 42 Validity and Reliability 44 Research Ethics 44 Research Limitations 45 Summary 47 Discussion and Analysis 48 Outdoor Activities and Participants 48 Data Collection 48 Steps Involved in the Activities 49 Review Process 49 Results 51 Discussion and Analysis of Results 52 Comments on Leadership Theory and Team-Working 53 Intra-Personal Attitudes 55 Orientation towards Team-Working and Teams 58 Effects on Workplace: Skills Transfer from Outdoor Activities to Workplace Environment 60 Conclusion and Recommendations 67 References 72 Appendix 77 Introduction Outdoor Man agement Development (OMD) is comprised of three components: outdoor environment, experiential learning and workplace behaviour changes. The outdoor environment can be a variety of areas in which OMD programmes can be conducted. The outdoor environment can be provided by the woods, mountains, sea water and so on. The fundamental function of outdoor environment is to facilitate outdoor activities in a neutral environment as it meets first condition to carry out OMD programme. There are numerous outdoor activities that are carried out with different objectives such as psychological safety, emotional intensity, skills development and so on. The outdoor activities include personal development, leadership, team development, stress management, communication, uncertainty management and problem... For these objectives, first conceptual frameworks and different dimensions of outdoor management development were discussed in the literature review. The definition of OMD, skills, outdoor activities, the framework and critical evaluation of OMD were conducted in the literature review part. In the discussion and analysis chapter, the practical research highlighted the different steps and outcomes of the outdoor activities. The key findings revealed that in the entire programme, 47 percent of participants reported positive changes in the workplace behaviour. In the micro-dynamic tasks, 23 percent of participants revealed positive change did occur in the workplace behaviour. However, 52 percent of participants in the macro-dynamic tasks reported neutral changes in the workplace behaviours. Outdoor Management Development (OMD) is comprised of three components: outdoor environment, experiential learning and workplace behaviour changes. The outdoor environment can be a variety of areas in which OMD programmes can be conducted. The outdoor environment can be provided by the woods, mountains, sea water and so on. The fundamental function of outdoor environment is to facilitate outdoor activities in a neutral environment as it meets first condition to carry out OMD programme. There are numerous outdoor activities that are carried out with different objectives such as psychological safety, emotional intensity, skills development and so on. The outdoor activities include personal development, leadership, team development, stress management, communication, uncertainty management and problem solving.

Analyze George Orwell's, Shooting An Elephant through the eyes of the Essay

Analyze George Orwell's, Shooting An Elephant through the eyes of the author of the Moral Instinct Steven Pinker - Essay Example This has never been put across more effectively as in the George Orwell’s essay, shooting the elephant. The author is forced by the general expectation to do what he does not believe in. He takes us through his ordeal so that we can understand the reasoning we often undergo in order to make decisions that seem conflicting in our lives. It’s not just the content of our moral judgments that is often questionable, but the way we arrive at them. We like to think that when we have a conviction, there are good reasons that drove us to adopt it (Steve 1).Orwell goes to a great length to try to justify decisions he made in this essay. A great lesson can be learned from his work. The author hated being a police officer. This was because he was secretly against imperialism which he was a part of. He was against the oppression of the Burmese people. He says he hated the job bitterly than he could clearly put across in the essay. He lives a miserable life, since he hates his empire and cannot voice his concerns. The people he seems to care about are against him and they make his life impossible. This is a tough way to live. He hated the conditions of prisoners huddled together and the sight of the oppressed. What keeps him on the job? Orwell tries to draw an emotion from us. He tries to make us fit his shoes so we can see how tough it was for him to quit his job. He was uneducated and young and could not seek employment elsewhere. He would have chosen to quit this job which did not stand his moral grounds rather than stay in unhappy employment. This builds on the fact that people seek justifications for actions they do in order to feel accepted. This is not the only incident that the author is faced with such a situation. He is called upon to kill an elephant which had gone rogue. He describes the pressure he felt. â€Å"And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could fe el their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly.† (Orwell 1). What made the matter worse was that the elephant was a tame one. He considered shooting a working an elephant a very serious offence comparable only to destroying a piece of machinery a decision which should have been avoided at all costs. With these strong convictions the reader is almost led to believe that Orwell was not going to kill the elephant. However despite being so against the action of taking the creatures life he goes ahead and does it. In trying to justify his action he claims that he would have looked like a fool. He did in order just to save face. This according to the reader is not a good enough reason but to him it is a reassurance that what he did was right. The oppressor is often viewed to be above the oppressed. Orwell in this situation proclaims that this is not always the case. He realizes that tyranny only jeopardizes the freedom of the oppressor. The tyrant is viewed by the opp ressed as being heartless and has to live up to these expectations. The tyrant is not allowed to show any signs of affection or weakness despite them being a part of human nature. One has to spend his life trying to impress the natives and so in every crisis he has got to do what the natives expect. The general expectation was that the white man was not supposed to be afraid of anything. Thoughts of what the people would think in case something went wrong during the